Open Access Statement
This is a fully open-access journal. Every article is free to read, download and redistribute
from the moment it is published. There is no embargo and no subscription.
Authors retain copyright in their work. Articles are published under a Creative Commons
licence, chosen by the author at submission, which sets out what others may do with the work.
There is no article processing charge. Publishing here costs authors nothing. The journal is
supported by Northern University Bangladesh.
from the moment it is published. There is no embargo and no subscription.
Authors retain copyright in their work. Articles are published under a Creative Commons
licence, chosen by the author at submission, which sets out what others may do with the work.
There is no article processing charge. Publishing here costs authors nothing. The journal is
supported by Northern University Bangladesh.
Last updated 30 Jul 2026.